Tip: Putting things into perspective can create dramatic sketches

I’ll have to be a bit careful what I say here. In a way, I’m not a very good person to discuss using perspective in your sketches, since I don’t have any real system for using it, I just rely on my eye to create the sightlines I’m going to follow. So this blog entry is really making me think about how I do it. . . and it’s never a bad thing to spend a bit of time analysing your own technique. 

What Is Perspective?

Perspective is the way that the objects in a  two dimensional image seems to narrow as they recede into the background. Use of perspective can make a flat, two dimensional image seem much less flat and more three dimensional. For example, compare these two early sketches I made in 2016: -

Now, there’s nothing technically wrong with the sketch on the top, which shows the side of the Pierhead Building of the National Assembly in Cardiff. It’s as technically accurate as I’m ever likely to be. But it’s very flat, and uninteresting, which is wrong, since the Pierhead is a very interesting building. Bonmarche in Swansea is an interesting building too, although nothing like the scale of the other. By positioning myself some distance to the left of the shop, rather than directly in front of the shopfront, I was able to use perspective to give an idea of the building in its entirety, which I feel is a lot more interesting than the other sketch. 

It's probably easier to talk about perspective if I use a sketch example. Here’s a simple sketch of a house block.

You can see the way that the roofline slants down into the centre of the page, while the bottom of the block slants upwards towards the centre. Now, if you were to extend both of those lines, then there is a point where they would meet, which we can call the vanishing point. Now, if I was also to draw lines from the tops of the windows, and the bottoms, if the perspective is right, they should also meet at the vanishing point.

Now, if I draw the other side of the street, I could position the block about the same distance from the vanishing point. However, if I move it further away, then the sightlines will be shallower. If I move the other block closer to the vanishing point, then the sightlines from the vanishing point would be much steeper, and the perspective more dramatic.

I do know people who like to set their vanishing point and sketch in sightline very thinly in pencil, then rub them out later. Personally, I don’t go to all that bother. I’m not trying to produce perfect photographic reproductions in my sketches. If I’m trying to portray a building with particularly dramatic perspective I may put a small dot on the page to represent the vanishing point if it’s on the page, but I draw my sightlines just with my eyes. More often than not the vanishing point is past the edge of the page, though.

None of the sightlines on the three sketches were made using a ruler or straight edge. So it’s no surprise that none of them are actually perfectly straight. However, they’re straight enough, and the perspective is true enough to give me the effects I want, and perspective I want. It’s a matter of practise, and being bold enough to experiment. Try to always think where you want to put the vanishing point, and the effect this will have on the viewpoint of the building. For example:-

Here’s the sketch prior to applying watercolour to it: -

See how far to the left the vanishing point would be. Probably not as far as you think. Actually, the perspective isn’t perfect on this – the lines between the bottom and the windows is a little too steep. One thing you might notice, though, is how low the vanishing point is. Using such a low vanishing point was a conscious decision, because I wanted to give the feeling of the viewer, looking up at the Theatre from further down the hill. It’s a derelict building, but the dramatic perspective works to give it a sense of the faded grandeur I eel every time I pass the building. 

One Sketch #35) AEC Regent Bus Swansea Bus Museum

Well, I have to say that I had the most pleasant morning. I've been meaning to visit the museum for several weeks, but it's only open on a Sunday and this year it's moved premises. Never mind. I had a really nice chat with David, the chap who was on the desk when I arrived, made sure that he didn't mind me making a sketch, and then got on with it. There wasn't anywhere to sit down, so I made this one standing up. This is one of a very few single decker buses in the museum - it was made for use in Llanelli, to fit under bridges in the docks. I showed it to David, and he was extremely complimentary - asked me to be the first person to sign the brand new visitors' book, and took a photo of me holding my sketch for the Museum's newsletter. How nice was that?

Faithful iron horse
In peaceful retirement
Her dreams are of diesel
And the hot, sticky tarmac
Of summer dock roads.